linux

记一次 wordpress 搬家与速度优化

最近阿里云搞双11促销，原价2700多的云服务器只需要229，配置大致是1M带宽，2G内存，1核，其他参数嘛，不是本文重点哈。买到服务器后，第一件事就是把博客从俄罗斯迎过来，本来是在俄罗斯租了服务器，用途嘛，博客算是其一，但不是最重要的哈哈哈哈，好在我用了 cdn ，速度也还凑合。现在呢，既然有了阿里云服务器，那么把博客迁移到阿里云来就再正常不过了。

搬迁的原因很简单，万一俄罗斯哪家因为各种原因挂了，我的数据虽然每天都会备份到 Google Drive，但是终究会有丢失，得不偿失！本文将主要记录此事，也是个小博客，迁移可能很简单啦。

首先，安装 php，大致如下：

sudo apt install software-properties-common
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php
sudo apt update
sudo apt install php7.3-fpm php7.3-common php7.3-mbstring php7.3-xmlrpc php7.3-gd php7.3-xml php7.3-mysql php7.3-cli php7.3-zip php7.3-curl

接着安装 redis ，命令为 sudo apt install redis 但是遇到一个问题：

installed redis-server package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1

错误信息如下：

After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Setting up redis-server (5:4.0.9-1ubuntu0.2) ...

Job for redis-server.service failed because a timeout was exceeded.
See "systemctl status redis-server.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
invoke-rc.d: initscript redis-server, action "start" failed.
● redis-server.service - Advanced key-value store
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/redis-server.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: activating (auto-restart) (Result: timeout) since Sun 2019-10-27 22:49:45 CST; 9ms ago
     Docs: http://redis.io/documentation,
           man:redis-server(1)
dpkg: error processing package redis-server (--configure):
 installed redis-server package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of redis:
 redis depends on redis-server (<< 5:4.0.9-1ubuntu0.2.1~); however:
  Package redis-server is not configured yet.
 redis depends on redis-server (>= 5:4.0.9-1ubuntu0.2); however:
  Package redis-server is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package redis (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
 redis-server
 redis
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

要解决它，你只需要 sudo vim /etc/redis/redis.conf 将 bind 127.0.0.1 ::1 改为 bind 0.0.0.0，接着安装 mariadb

sudo apt install mariadb-client mariadb-server

然后备份之前的数据，需要登录之前博客的 mysql 服务器，命令如下：mysqldump -u wordpress -p wordpress > wordpress.sql ，这里，假设你之前的博客的数据库用户名为 wordpress，数据库也为 wordpress，-u 后面是用户名，-p 后面是数据库名，最后的 wordpress.sql 为你备份文件的路径以及文件名。备份完毕后，将 wordpress.sql 文件复制到新博客的 mysql 服务器的 /root/ 目录下面，然后登录新博客的 mysql 服务器，接着执行：

create database wordpress;
grant all privileges on wordpress.* to 'wordpress'@'localhost' identified by 'wordpress';
use wordpress;
sources /root/wordpress.sql;

现在，mariadb、redis、php 都已经就绪，接着我们安装 nginx，即 sudo apt install nginx，最后将以前的博客的网站数据复制到新服务器，具体不再赘述。最后，补充下我的 nginx 的配置文件：

server {
  listen 443 ssl;
  server_name www.kpromise.top;
  server_tokens off;
  index index.php index.html index.htm;
  root /var/www/html/wordpress;
  ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/kpromise.top/fullchain.pem;
  ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/kpromise.top/privkey.pem;
  ssl_ciphers 'ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256';
  ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

  location ~\.php$ {
    fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.3-fpm.sock;
    fastcgi_index index.php;
    include fastcgi_params;
    fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
  }

  location / {
    try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
  }

  location ~/\. {
    deny all;
    access_log off;
    log_not_found off;
  }
}